Principle of High Voltage Line Insulator Structure
Release Date:
2025-08-18
High-voltage line insulators achieve current interruption through a multi-stage umbrella-shaped structure design and special materials. Their core principles include material insulation, structural pollution flashover prevention, and series voltage adaptation. Specifically, they consist of ceramic/glass/composite materials forming compression and tension-resistant components, increase creepage distance through umbrella-shaped folds, and use series combinations to match different voltage levels.
High-voltage line insulators achieve current interruption through a multi-stage umbrella-shaped structure design and special materials. Their core principles include three dimensions: material insulation, structure anti-pollution flashover, and series voltage adaptation. Specifically, they consist of ceramic/glass/composite materials forming compression and tension-resistant components, increasing creepage distance through umbrella-shaped folds, and using series combinations to match different voltage levels.
Basic structural composition
High-voltage line insulators include three core components:
Load-bearing framework: Tempered glass or epoxy resin core rod provides tensile strength, connected at both ends to transmission lines and towers via metal flanges.
Insulating medium:
Ceramic/Glass materials: Solid porcelain or tempered glass parts form the main insulator, with a dielectric constant of 7-8, featuring high mechanical strength and arc resistance.
Composite materials: Silicone rubber umbrella skirts wrap glass fiber core rods, combining hydrophobicity and UV aging resistance.
Connecting fittings: Crimped metal ends transmit mechanical stress, embedded with sealing glue to prevent moisture ingress into the core rod.
Anti-pollution flashover design principles
Umbrella-shaped structure:
Multiple layers of umbrella skirt folds extend the surface creepage distance to 2-3 times the length of the pole.
Umbrella tilt angle between 45°-60° blocks rainwater from forming a continuous conductive film.
Surface treatment:
Ceramic insulators are coated with silicone oil or wax, achieving a contact angle up to 110° for superhydrophobic effect.
Composite insulators utilize the hydrophobic migration property of silicone rubber, making it difficult for pollutants to form conductive paths.
Voltage level adaptation mechanism
Series stacking: Single insulator withstands 10-15kV, overall voltage resistance adjusted by the number of series units.
35kV line: 3 units in series.
110kV line: 7 units in series.
500kV line: More than 25 units in series.
Electric field optimization:
Umbrella skirt edge curvature radius >5mm reduces local field strength.
Composite insulator axial capacitance distribution is homogenized to reduce corona loss.
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